Socio-Political and Theoretical Aspects of Ethnic Processes in Halychyna, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia in the Late XIXth to Early XXIst Centuries

Author

KOZHOLIANKO HEORHIY

a Doctor of History, a professor, a head of the Bukovynian Ethnographical Society

Socio-Political and Theoretical Aspects of Ethnic Processes in Halychyna, Bukovyna and Transcarpathia in the Late XIXth to Early XXIst Centuries

Abstract

Civil­political and scientific­theoretical aspects of the ethnic processes in the Western Ukrainian lands (Halychyna, Bukovyna, Transcarpathia) in the late XIXth – early XXIst century are investigated in the article. The published works of political orientation, where it is affirmed, that Rusyny are separate (the fourth) East Slavic nation, are subjected to the scientific criticism. It is proved, that Rusyny (Rusnaky) are Ukrainians. The archaeological (by B. Tymoshchuk, L. Mykhailyna, S. Pyvovarov), historical (L. Niderle, Johan­Georg Kohl, K. Delamar) works, where it is indicated that Rusyny are Ukrainians, are used in the investigation.

Civil, political and scientific­theoretical aspects of the ethnic processes in  Bukovyna of the late XIXth – early XXIst century are published on the pages of magazines and newspapers. The authors of the articles on the Rusyny existence as a separate ethnos, do not choose words, use the ethnic terminology unskillfully, do not understand the ethnos concept and its structure, from the standpoints of the former unanimity and political favour they discuss the ethnic processes of the XX century in Bukovyna, Halychyna and Transcarpathia. They are dominated by passions, political sympathies and antipathies, party­political interests of different countries.

Each nation (also Ukrainians) has its own ethnic self­consciousness, where the ethnic features of the people are shown. It protects nation from assimilation. Ethnic identity stimulates the development of ethnic cultural features. Ethnic consciousness is displayed both on the social and individual levels, fixing the status and cultural unity by the ethnic community members. The ethnonym Rusyny has been changed into Ukrainians in the 1920s in Bukovyna, Halychyna.

Keywords

the public, politics, science, history, Rusyny, Ukrainians, law, published works, magazines, newspapers.

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