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Settlements and Buildings of the Sevriuks (XIVth-XVIIth Centuries)

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The authors of the publication:
Balushok Vasyl
p.:
39-49
UDC:
908+39](477.43)“13/16”
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15407/nte2019.01.039
Bibliographic description:
Balushok, V. (2019) Settlements and Buildings of the Sevriuks (XIVth–XVIIth Centuries). Folk Art and Ethnology, 1 (377), 39–49.

Author

Balushok Vasyl – a Ph.D. in History, an expert in the field of historical ethnology

 

Settlements and Buildings of the Sevriuks (XIVth-XVIIth Centuries)

 

Abstract

Research of the settlements forms, structural peculiarities of the habitations and economic constructions of the Sevriuks enables to get acquainted with the culture of this community of late Middle Ages – early Modern, still mysterious in a certain way. The investigation is based on the written (figures materials, banners of wild bees’ nests – the signs of ownership on wild bees’ nests objects of area of economic significance, Pamiat (Memory) – the list and partly the description of Sivershchyna settlements) and archaeological sources. The conception of adaptive significance of human culture concerning the appropriate natural, social and cultural conditions, stated by M. Sahlins, is the methodological base of the proposed investigation.

Some changes in the sphere of settlement and habitation building are observed in Sivershchyna after the Mongolian conquest. The settlements have become smaller (in 2–2,5 times), and the dwellings are changed gradually into land from the half-dugout. The reasons of the last are discussed among the scientists, who haven’t reached consensus. A considerable part of the settlements, including Novhorod-Siverskyi, Putyvl, Hlynske, Ltava, whether the majority of the villages between Desna and Vorskla rivers, etc., have experienced the Mongolian conquest and are situated at the same place as in the Old Russian times. A number of owner in the villages is a small one. According to the sources there are mainly from 1 to 5 yards, sometimes to 10 and very seldom more a little. At the same time these are mainly farmsteads. Several tens of persons of different age and gender have lived in some housing buildings and premises of each of them. 

Wood is used as the main material to build dwellings and economic constructions. Fortifications, fences and gate are erected of it. The habitations are rectangular, about 8 to 5 metres in size to almost square with the wall longer a little than 3 metres. They are often directed with the entrance, walls or corners toward the world sides. These are log houses and of post construction, on plinth and with extensions. Walls and land, wattle and daub floor has an earthenware coating. Stoves are pise-walled on wooden skeletons. The signs of their white washing are seen. Sometimes the habitations have been heated with fires. Economic constructions, including both cattlesheds (odryny), pantries (kliti), etc. and grain pits, are situated in a large yard, which obviously is called barn.

 

Keywords

the Sevriuks, settlement, farmstead, habitation, economic constructions.

 

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