Author
Novak Iryna
a Ph.D. in Economics, a leading research fellow at the Department of Human Development Researches of the NAS of Ukraine Mykhailo Ptukha Institute of Demography and Social Studies. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-2470
Problems of Social Vulnerability of Internally Displaced Persons and Forced Migrants
Abstract
The article is dedicated to the analysis of the problems of social vulnerability of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and forced migrants. Basing on data from the United Nations Organization, the International Organization for Migration, the International Labour Organization and data from sociological surveys of IDPs and forced migrants, the dynamic changes in the number of these population groups, their main socio-demographic characteristics, problems and risks of social rejection, intentions to return to their places of permanent residence and integration potential in the new place of stay have been studied.
It is concluded that there is the high level of multifactorial social vulnerability of IDPs and forced migrants, most of whom are women with children, the elderly, the disabled, and orphans. Because of the destruction of social, economic, and cultural ties, IDPs and forced migrants have increased risks of social rejection from the political, economic life and social surroundings, the sphere of culture and education, the services of the health care system and social protection. There are reasons for the formation of significant manifestations of rejection among IDPs, in particular in terms of access to structural and economic resources to ensure basic social and economic human rights, and positions that provide an opportunity to gain access to such resources. Assessments of the integration of IDPs by the communities that receive them may indicate the presence of certain barriers to the integration of IDPs in their new place of residence.
It is shown that the loss of human potential is the most negative consequence of large-scale forced migration and internal displacement of the population for the territorial communities of Ukraine. At the same time, for communities hosting IDPs, population growth can become a driver of local development.
Keywords
internally displaced peoples, forced migrants, social vulnerability, social engagement, social rejection.
References
- IDPs and Their Host Communities Need Comprehensive Support and Innovative Solutions for Integration and Development [viewed 21 September 2022]. Available from: https://ukraine.iom.int/uk/node/112111 [in Ukrainian].
- BALAKIRIEVA, Olha, ed. Forced Migrants and Host Communities: Lessons for Effective Social Adaptation and Integration: Scientific Report. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, State Establishment “Institute of Economics and Prognostication”. Kyiv, 2016, 140 pp. [in Ukrainian].
- Internally Displaced Persons [viewed 15 September 2022]. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/ua/idps-ua [in Ukrainian].
- The Eighth Nationwide Survey of Ukraine in the Conditions of War [viewed 10 August 2022]. Available from: https://ratinggroup.ua/files/ratinggroup/reg_files/rg_ua_ 1200_ua_042022_v____i_press.pdf [in Ukrainian].
- The Impact of the Crisis in Ukraine on the Labor Sphere: Preliminary Assessments.Analytical Note of the ILO. May, 11 2022 [viewed 15 September 2022]. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---europe/---ro-geneva/documents/briefingnote/wcms_844525.pdf [in Ukrainian].
- Migration Glossary [viewed 15 September 2022]. Available from: http://www.iom.int/jahia/webdav/site/myjahiasite/shared/shared/mainsite/published_docs/serial_publications/Glossary_eng.pdf [in Ukrainian].
- YEREMENKO, Andrii. Problems and Needs of Internally Displaced Persons: Results of a Qualitative Study [viewed 19 September 2022]. Available from: https://activegroup.com.ua/2022/05/31/problemi-i-potrebi-vnutrishno-peremishhenix-osib-rezultati-yakisnogo-doslidzhennya/ [in Ukrainian].
- Collecting the Puzzle.Impact of Internal Displacement on Human Rights and Access to Administrative Services in Ukraine.Report on the Results of the Study. Kyiv, 2018, 48 pp. [in Ukrainian].
- Report of the National System of Monitoring the Situation with Internally Displaced Persons.Key Conclusions, September 2020, March 2021 [viewed 12 July 2022]. Available from: https://ukraine.iom.int/sites/g/files/tmzbdl1861/files/documents/nms_round_18_19_ukr.pdf [in Ukrainian].
- Report on Internal Displacement in Ukraine for the 8th Round.Accounting for Internal Movement.Regional and District Level [viewed 26 August 2022]. Available from: https://displacement.iom.int/sites/default/files/public/reports/DTM%20Ukraine_Rd%208%20-%2012-24July_Recorded_IDP_19_Oblasts_2022_Public_Raion_Ukrainian_2.pdf [in Ukrainian].
- Report on Internal Displacement in Ukraine.Survey of the General Population.Round 7 [viewed 29 August 2022]. Available from: https://displacement.iom.int/sites/default/files/public/reports/IOM_Gen%20Pop%20Report_R7_final%20UKR.pdf [in Ukrainian].
- Report on Internal Displacement in Ukraine.Survey of the General Population.Round2 [viewed 10 August 2022]. Available from: https://displacement.iom.int/reports/zvit-pro-vnutrishne-peremischennya-v-ukraini-opituvannya-zagalnogo-naselennya-raund-2-1 [in Ukrainian].
- Mobility of the Labor Force of Ukraine in the Conditions of the Military Economy. Bulletin of the Pension Fund, 2022, no. 6, pp. 13–18 [in Ukrainian].
- Manual on Education in the Field of Human Rights with the Participation of Young People. Migration [viewed 25 July 2022]. Available from: https://www.coe.int/uk/web/compass/migration [in Ukrainian].
- Project of the Recovery Plan of Ukraine.Materials of the Working Group “Education and Science”.The National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War. July, 2022. 359 pp. [in Ukrainian].
- STEPORUK, Nazar. Since the Full-Scale Invasion of the Russian Federation, Ukrainians have Crossed the Border More than 10Million Times [viewed 15 October 2022]. Available from: https://www.unian.ua/society/z-momentu-povnomasshtabnogo-vtorgnennya-rf-ukrajinci-peretnuli-kordon-ponad-10-milyoniv-raziv-novini-ukrajini-11926749.html [in Ukrainian].
- Ukraine: On the Way to Social Inclusion.National Human Development Report 2011 [viewed 17 July 2022]. Available from: http://www.undp.org.ua/files/ua_95644NHDR_2011_Ukr.pdf [in Ukrainian].
- Ukrainian Refugees of the War Abroad [viewed 26 August 2022]. Available from: https://niss.gov.ua/news/komentari-ekspertiv/ukrayinski-bizhentsi-viyny-za-kordonom [in Ukrainian].
- BÖhnke, Petra. Nothing Left to Lose? Poverty and Social Exclusion in Comparison: Empirical Evidence on Germany. Berlin: Social Science Research Center, 2001, 37 pp. [in English].
- Coumans, Moniek Anna Monica, HansSchmeets. The Socially Excluded in the Netherlands: The Development of an Overall Index. Social Indicators Research. 2014, pp. 779–805 [in English]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0707-6.
- Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (E/CN.4/1998/53/Add.2) [viewed 15 September]. Available from: https://www.unhcr.org/43ce1cff2.pdf [in English].
- Mathieson, Jane, et al. Social Exclusion Meaning, Measurement and Experience and Links to Health Inequalities. A Review of Literature. WHO Social Exclusion Knowledge Network Background Paper. 2008, vol. 1, 91 pp. [in English].
- Measuring Social Exclusion in Routine Public Health Surveys: Construction of a Multidimensional Instrument [viewed 17 June 2022]. Available from: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0098680 [in English].
- Phillipson, Chris, AllanGraham and David H. J. Morgan, eds. Social Networks and Social Exclusion: Sociological and Policy Perspectives. 2004, 288 pp. [in English].
- Ukraine: Overview of Population Displacement (as of 23 March 2015) [viewed 10 July 2022]. Available from: http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ukr%20displacement_23%20March%202015.pdf [in English].