Typology of the Third Wave of Ukrainian Emigration and Historical Parallels of Migration Contemporaneity

Author

Tsivatyi Viacheslav

Professor of History, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv PhD, The Honored Worker of Ukraine

Typology of the Third Wave of Ukrainian EmigrationTypology of the Third Wave of Ukrainian Emigrationand Historical Parallels of Migration Contemporaneity

Abstract

Historical retrospective of migration of the Ukrainian population to Western Europe and the USA are considered in the article. Its main four stages are characterized and reasons of people migration are presented. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of intellectual and labour migrations of Ukrainians in historical retrospective and at the present stage.

Economic factors have been and still are the main reasons of migration. If at the beginning of the 1990s people go abroad because of the enterprises closure, salary delay for many months, unemployment increase, now they are aimed mainly at the improvement of welfare, housing problems solution, financing of education, because of the deepening of economic crisis and so on. The only exception is the third wave of emigration from Ukraine, where refugees and displaced persons are displaced, and some percent is made by intellectual and labour migrants.

Analyzing the features of Ukrainian migration to Western Europe and the USA, geographic settlement of migrants, their initial job, it is possible to say that Ukrainian diaspora contains social parameters typical for highly developed communities with a high level of organization, education and culture.

The historical progress of society stipulates certain geographical changes, including those among a population. As a result of certain circumstances, the numerous layer of population is forced to abandon the territory of Ukraine. The article is related to the determination of diaspora concept. Besides, we see the enumeration of personal touches of Ukrainian diaspora. The author of the article demonstrates some historical and mental principles of Ukrainian diaspora formation, some preconditions of origin of the Western and Eastern one. The review of the activity of representatives of Western and Eastern Ukrainian diaspora allows to summarize certain differences between them. Historians and scientists conditionally divide the periods of Ukrainian population migration abroad into four waves. The analysis of activity of Ukrainians abroad confirms that there are cultural measures coming true, special purpose clubs are opened, the relations between state and public organizations are getting better any terms.

The basic methods and ways to implement intercultural communication between the Ukrainian community abroad and the parent nation are named. Among them the author of the article distinguishes intercultural cooperation: through the members of transnational families; through the activation of young people who reveal their intellectual and creative potential; through the important influence of the Ukrainian universities and schools abroad etc. Such organizations carry out the role of cultural embassy of Ukraine. The intercommunication among activists of public, youth, volunteer organizations enables the creation of their own institutes and regulation of their mutual relations independently.

The totality of mass-media and communication measures is adjusting to the international tolerance. So, the active filling of Internet space, activity of medias among diaspora provide peaceful coexistence in the conditions of cross-cultural environment. So, occupying a non-tangent place in European community, Ukrainian society has to cooperate with strategic and important partners of foreigners.

Keywords

immigration, migration of Ukrainian population, stages of migration, labour migration, intellectual migration, diaspora.

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